6/1/2023 0 Comments Aches face revealMoreover, part of the people who recovered from acute COVID-19 suffer from a spectrum of symptoms persisting for weeks and even months after the acute infection is gone. Before the development of an effective vaccination campaign which led to the immunization of a large part of the world population, COVID-19 was associated with a high risk of mortality, mainly due to acute respiratory failure. The years 2020–2022 have been marked by a severe pandemic from a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which affects mainly the respiratory system. The present report, a collaborative work of the international group of the Junior Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain aims to summarize the most recent evidence about long COVID headache and suggests approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. As there are virtually no treatment studies, treatment currently is largely guided by the existing guidelines for primary headaches with the corresponding phenotype. Persistent activation of the immune system and trigeminovascular activation are thought to play a role. It can manifest with a migrainous or, more frequently, with a tension-type-like phenotype. It often presents together with other long COVID symptoms, most frequently with hyposmia. Long COVID headache can present in the form of worsening of a preexisting primary headache, or, more specifically, in the form of a new (intermittent or daily) headache starting during the acute infection or after a delay. The knowledge on long COVID headache is still limited, however growing evidence is defining the features of this novel condition, in particular regarding clinical characteristics, some pathophysiological mechanisms and first treatment recommendations. Headache is among the most frequent symptoms persisting or newly developing after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as part of the so-called long COVID syndrome.
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